A Fleeting Moment in Time
Digitized Sky Survey image around the planetary nebula ESO 577-24
The planetary nebula ESO 577-24 in the constellation Virgo
Videos
ESOcast 191 Light: A Fleeting Moment in Time
Panning across the evanescent planetary nebula ESO 577-24
Zooming in on ESO 577-24
The faint, ephemeral glow emanating from
the planetary nebula ESO 577-24 persists for only a short time — around
10,000 years, a blink of an eye in astronomical terms. ESO’s Very Large
Telescope captured this shell of glowing ionised gas — the last breath
of the dying star whose simmering remains are visible at the heart of
this image. As the gaseous shell of this planetary nebula expands and
grows dimmer, it will slowly disappear from sight.
An evanescent shell of glowing gas spreading into space — the planetary nebula ESO 577-24 — dominates this image [1]. This planetary nebula is the remains of a dead giant star that has thrown off its outer layers, leaving behind a small, intensely hot dwarf star. This diminished remnant will gradually cool and fade, living out its days as the mere ghost of a once-vast red giant star.
Red giants are stars at the end of their lives that have
exhausted the hydrogen fuel in their cores and begun to contract under
the crushing grip of gravity. As a red giant shrinks, the immense
pressure reignites the core of the star, causing it to throw its outer
layers into the void as a powerful stellar wind. The dying star’s incandescent core emits ultraviolet radiation intense enough to ionise
these ejected layers and cause them to shine. The result is what we see
as a planetary nebula — a final, fleeting testament to an ancient star
at the end of its life [2].
This dazzling planetary nebula was discovered as part of the National Geographic Society — Palomar Observatory Sky Survey in the 1950s, and was recorded in the Abell Catalogue of Planetary Nebulae in 1966 [3].
At around 1400 light years from Earth, the ghostly glow of ESO 577-24
is only visible through a powerful telescope. As the dwarf star cools,
the nebula will continue to expand into space, slowly fading from view.
This image of ESO 577-24 was created as part of the ESO Cosmic Gems Programme,
an initiative that produces images of interesting, intriguing, or
visually attractive objects using ESO telescopes for the purposes of
education and public outreach. The programme makes use of telescope time
that cannot be used for scientific observations; nevertheless, the data
collected are made available to astronomers through the ESO Science Archive.
Notes
[1] Planetary nebulae were first observed by astronomers in
the 18th century — to them, their dim glow and crisp outlines resembled
planets of the Solar System.
[3] Astronomical objects often have a
variety of official names, with different catalogues providing different
designations. The formal name of this object in the Abell Catalogue of
Planetary Nebulae is PN A66 36.
[2] By the time our Sun evolves into a red giant,
it will have reached the venerable age of 10 billion years. There is no
immediate need to panic, however — the Sun is currently only 5 billion
years old.
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