ALMA image of HD101584
Location of HD101584 in the constellation of Centaurus
Wide-field view of the region of the sky where HD101584 is located
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ESOcast 216 Light: ALMA Catches Beautiful Outcome of Stellar Fight
Zooming into HD101584
Astronomers using the Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), in which ESO is a partner, have
spotted a peculiar gas cloud that resulted from a confrontation between
two stars. One star grew so large it engulfed the other which, in turn,
spiralled towards its partner provoking it into shedding its outer
layers.
Like humans, stars change with age and ultimately die. For
the Sun and stars like it, this change will take it through a phase
where, having burned all the hydrogen in its core, it swells up into a
large and bright red-giant star. Eventually, the dying Sun will lose its outer layers, leaving behind its core: a hot and dense star called a white dwarf.
“The star system HD101584 is special in the sense that
this ‘death process’ was terminated prematurely and dramatically as a
nearby low-mass companion star was engulfed by the giant,” said Hans Olofsson of the Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, who led a recent study, published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, of this intriguing object.
Thanks to new observations with ALMA, complemented by data from the ESO-operated Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX),
Olofsson and his team now know that what happened in the double-star
system HD101584 was akin to a stellar fight. As the main star puffed up
into a red giant, it grew large enough to swallow its lower-mass
partner. In response, the smaller star spiralled in towards the giant’s
core but didn’t collide with it. Rather, this manoeuvre triggered the
larger star into an outburst, leaving its gas layers dramatically
scattered and its core exposed.
The team says the complex structure of the gas in the
HD101584 nebula is due to the smaller star’s spiralling towards the red
giant, as well as to the jets of gas that formed in this process. As a
deadly blow to the already defeated gas layers, these jets blasted
through the previously ejected material, forming the rings of gas and
the bright bluish and reddish blobs seen in the nebula.
A silver lining of a stellar fight is that it helps
astronomers to better understand the final evolution of stars like the
Sun. “Currently, we can describe the death processes common to many
Sun-like stars, but we cannot explain why or exactly how they happen.
HD101584 gives us important clues to solve this puzzle since it is
currently in a short transitional phase between better studied
evolutionary stages. With detailed images of the environment of HD101584
we can make the connection between the giant star it was before, and
the stellar remnant it will soon become,” says co-author Sofia Ramstedt from Uppsala University, Sweden.
Co-author Elizabeth Humphreys from ESO in Chile highlighted
that ALMA and APEX, located in the country’s Atacama region, were
crucial to enabling the team to probe “both the physics and chemistry in
action” in the gas cloud. She added: “This stunning image of the
circumstellar environment of HD101584 would not have been possible
without the exquisite sensitivity and angular resolution provided by
ALMA.”
While current telescopes allow astronomers to study the gas around the binary,
the two stars at the centre of the complex nebula are too close
together and too far away to be resolved. ESO’s Extremely Large
Telescope, under construction in Chile’s Atacama Desert, “will provide information on the ‘heart’ of the object,” says Olofsson, allowing astronomers a closer look at the fighting pair.
More Information
This research was presented in a paper published in Astronomy & Astrophysics.
The team is composed of H. Olofsson (Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, Sweden [Chalmers]), T. Khouri (Chalmers), M. Maercker (Chalmers), P. Bergman (Chalmers), L. Doan (Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Sweden [Uppsala]), D. Tafoya (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan), W. H. T. Vlemmings (Chalmers), E. M. L. Humphreys (European Southern Observatory [ESO], Garching, Germany), M. Lindqvist (Chalmers), L. Nyman (ESO, Santiago, Chile), and S. Ramstedt (Uppsala).
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), an international astronomy facility, is a partnership of ESO, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) of Japan in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. ALMA is funded by ESO on behalf of its Member States, by NSF in cooperation with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC) and by NINS in cooperation with the Academia Sinica (AS) in Taiwan and the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). ALMA construction and operations are led by ESO on behalf of its Member States; by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), managed by Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI), on behalf of North America; and by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) on behalf of East Asia. The Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO) provides the unified leadership and management of the construction, commissioning and operation of ALMA.
ESO is the foremost intergovernmental astronomy organisation in Europe and the world’s most productive ground-based astronomical observatory by far. It has 16 Member States: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, along with the host state of Chile and with Australia as a Strategic Partner. ESO carries out an ambitious programme focused on the design, construction and operation of powerful ground-based observing facilities enabling astronomers to make important scientific discoveries. ESO also plays a leading role in promoting and organising cooperation in astronomical research. ESO operates three unique world-class observing sites in Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. At Paranal, ESO operates the Very Large Telescope and its world-leading Very Large Telescope Interferometer as well as two survey telescopes, VISTA working in the infrared and the visible-light VLT Survey Telescope. Also at Paranal ESO will host and operate the Cherenkov Telescope Array South, the world’s largest and most sensitive gamma-ray observatory. ESO is also a major partner in two facilities on Chajnantor, APEX and ALMA, the largest astronomical project in existence. And on Cerro Armazones, close to Paranal, ESO is building the 39-metre Extremely Large Telescope, the ELT, which will become “the world’s biggest eye on the sky”.
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Contacts
Hans Olofsson
Chalmers University of Technology
Onsala, Sweden
Tel: +46 31 772 5535
Email: hans.olofsson@chalmers.se
Elizabeth Humphreys
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
Santiago, Chile
Tel: +56 2 2463 6912
Email: ehumphre@eso.org
Sofia Ramstedt
Uppsala University
Uppsala, Sweden
Tel: +46 18 471 5970
Email: sofia.ramstedt@physics.uu.se
Bárbara Ferreira
ESO Public Information Officer
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6670
Cell: +49 151 241 664 00
Email: pio@eso.org
Source: ESO/News
