The glittering galaxy in this NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope Picture of the Week is NGC 6951, which resides about 70 million light-years away in the constellation Cepheus.
As this Hubble image shows, NGC 6951 is a spiral galaxy with plenty of intriguing structures. Most eye-catching are its spiral arms, which are dotted with brilliant red nebulae, bright blue stars
and filamentary dust clouds. The spiral arms loop around the galactic
centre, which has a golden glow that comes from a population of older
stars. The centre of the galaxy is also distinctly elongated, revealing
the presence of a slowly rotating bar of stars.
NGC 6951’s bar may be responsible for another remarkable feature: a
white-blue ring that encloses the very heart of the galaxy. This is
called a circumnuclear starburst ring — essentially, a circle of
enhanced star formation around the nucleus of a galaxy. The bar funnels
gas toward the centre of the galaxy, where it collects in a ring about
3800 light-years across. Two dark dust lanes that run parallel to the
bar mark the points where gas from the bar enters the ring.
The dense gas of a circumnuclear starburst ring is the perfect
environment to churn out an impressive number of stars. Using data from
Hubble, astronomers have identified more than 80 potential star clusters
within NGC 6951’s ring. Many of the stars formed less than 100 million
years ago, but the ring itself is longer-lived, potentially having
existed for 1–1.5 billion years.
Astronomers have imaged NGC 6951 with Hubble for a wide variety of
reasons, including mapping the dust in nearby galaxies, studying the
centres of disc galaxies and keeping tabs on recent supernovae (of which NGC 6951 has hosted five or six).
